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研究了聚丙烯腈(PAN)基前驱体纤维结构差异对其热反应行为，以及炭纤维微观结构与力学性能的影响。采用干喷湿法纺丝制备不同结构PAN基前驱体纤维，通过DSC、FTIR、2D-WAXD、SEM、纳米压痕及单纤维力学测试，系统表征前驱体环化反应特性、化学结构、微晶取向、微观形貌与径向力学分布。结果表明：微晶结构完善、分子链取向较高的前驱体纤维，在热处理过程中环化起始温度与放热峰温度更低、放热焓更高，易引发严重的纤维间熔并与径向结构不均，对应炭纤维拉伸强度与模量仅为637 MPa和145.5 GPa。在上油工序引入硼酸改性，可完全消除纤维熔并现象，显著提升炭纤维径向均质度与微晶取向，且能将前驱体优良结构高效传递至炭纤维。结构规整的前驱体对硼酸更为敏感；当硼酸浓度为0.45%时，炭纤维拉伸强度与模量分别提升423.55%和57.26%。
Abstract：This paper investigates the effects of structural differences in polyacrylonitrile(PAN) precursor fibers on their thermal reaction behavior, as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers.Different structured PAN precursor fibers were prepared by dry-jet wet spinning. The cyclization reaction characteristics, chemical structure, microcrystalline orientation, microstructure and radial mechanical distribution of the precursors were systematically characterized by DSC,FTIR,2D-WAXD,SEM,nanoindentation and single fiber mechanical tests.The results show that precursor fibers with perfect crystallite structure and high molecular chain orientation exhibit lower cyclization onset temperature, exothermic peak temperature and higher exothermic enthalpy during heat treatment, which easily leads to severe interfiber fusion and radial structural heterogeneity.The tensile strength and modulus of the corresponding carbon fibers are only 637 MPa and 145.5 GPa, respectively.Boric acid modification during the oiling process can completely eliminate fiber fusion, significantly improve the radial homogeneity and crystallite orientation of carbon fibers, and effectively transfer the excellent structure of precursors to carbon fibers.The precursors with regular structure are more sensitive to boric acid.When the boric acid concentration is 0.45%,the tensile strength and modulus of carbon fibers increased by 423.55% and 57.26%,respectively.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14078/j.cnki.1001-3741.2026.02.004
中图分类号:TQ342.742
引用信息:
[1]王宏宝,郭全贵,赵振波,等.PAN基前驱体纤维热反应行为及炭纤维结构调控研究[J].炭素技术,2026,45(02):21-27.DOI:10.14078/j.cnki.1001-3741.2026.02.004.
基金信息:
山西省科技重大专项计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(202101040201003)
2025-04-07
2025
2025-04-13
2025-04-15
2025
1
2026-04-25
2026-04-25