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石墨作为战略性资源，在高新技术领域应用前景广阔，其提纯技术对资源高效利用意义重大。本文详细阐述了天然石墨主要提纯方法，包括浮选法、化学浸出法(氢氟酸法和碱焙烧-酸浸法)、高温法(高温煅烧法和氯化焙烧法),并介绍了其他新兴方法。分析对比了各类方法的原理、优点与存在问题，如浮选法纯度提升有限，化学浸出法有污染且设备易腐蚀，高温法能耗高、对设备要求苛刻等。指出未来石墨提纯领域应重点开展绿色创新技术研发、完善单一提纯方法以及推进多种方法联合应用，旨在为后续研究及产业发展提供思路与方向，促进石墨资源的可持续利用。
Abstract：As a strategic resource, graphite has broad application prospects in the high-tech fields.Its purification technology is of great significance for the efficient utilization of resources.This paper elaborates on the main purification methods of natural graphite, including flotation, chemical leaching methods(hydrofluoric acid method and alkali baking-acid leaching method),high-temperature methods(high-temperature calcination method and chlorination baking method),and other emerging methods.The principles, advantages, and existing problems of various methods are analyzed and compared.For example, the purity improvement of the flotation method is limited, the chemical leaching method causes pollution and is corrosive to equipment, and the high-temperature method has high energy consumption and strict equipment requirements.It is pointed out that in the future, the graphite purification field should focus on the research and development of green innovative technologies, the improvement of single purification methods, and the promotion of the combined application of multiple methods, aiming to provide ideas and directions for subsequent research and industrial development and to promote the sustainable utilization of graphite resources.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.14078/j.cnki.1001-3741.2025.04.001
中图分类号:TQ127.11
引用信息:
[1]程冶平,张志军.天然石墨提纯技术研究进展[J].炭素技术,2025,44(04):1-7.DOI:10.14078/j.cnki.1001-3741.2025.04.001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274281); 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB4100900)