炭素技术

水热炭化(HTC)工艺因反应温度低、能耗小，是生物质资源多元化利用的有效技术。本文以玉米芯为碳源，H_2O₂为反应介质，进行水热氧化炭化处理，采用X射线衍射、电子扫描显微镜、拉曼光谱分析等手段对样品进行分析。结果表明：随着水热温度和反应时间的增加，纤维素结晶度呈现先升后降的趋势，在260℃、24 h条件下达到最低值，纤维素结构逐渐转变为无定形碳结构；水热氧化炭产率随温度和时间的增加逐渐降低，当温度达到260℃后，时间对炭产率的影响较小；在260℃下24 h水热氧化炭化的玉米芯产物石墨化程度最高，且所得炭微球的球形度高，尺寸均匀，平均为3～4μm。

Hydrothermal carbonization(HTC) is an effective method for the diversified utilization of biomass resources, characterized by low energy consumption due to its low reaction temperature.Corn cob, a rich agricultural by-product, is abundant and possesses high bioenergy potential.In this study, corn cob was used as the carbon source, and H_2O₂ was employed as the reaction medium for hydrothermal oxidative carbonization.The samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Raman spectroscopy.The results show that with increasing hydrothermal temperature and reaction time, the crystallinity of cellulose exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, reaching the minimum value under the conditions of 260 ℃ for 24 h, where the cellulose structure gradually transforms into an amorphous carbon structure.The yield of hydrothermal oxidative carbon gradually decreases with the increase in temperature and time; however, when the temperature reaches 260 ℃,the effect of time on the carbon yield becomes negligible.Under the conditions of 260 ℃ for 24 h, the hydrothermal oxidative carbonization product of corn cob exhibits the highest degree of graphitization, with carbon microspheres having a high sphericity, uniform size, and diameters ranging from 3 μm to 4 μm.